Simple Past Tense Definition and Examples

Simple past  tense  verbs—also called past simple or  preterite—show action that occurred and was completed at a particular time in the past. The simple past tense of regular verbs is marked by the ending -d or -ed. Irregular verbs have a variety of endings. The simple past is not accompanied by helping verbs. The simple past tense is often used with an adverbial phrase that specifies a time in the past, such as yesterday, last year, (or) an hour ago, according to Complete English Grammar Rules. An example of a simple past tense verb used in a sentence would be: I went to the park. The speaker completed her action of going to the park, so you use the verb go in the simple past tense. Note how this example uses an irregular verb but in the past simple, which can be a bit confusing until you understand the rules for using these verbs. Regular Verbs As with any subject in English grammar, its easiest to start with regular verbs. A good example sentence—from  The Wonderful Wizard of Oz—would be: The four travelers passed a sleepless night, each thinking of the gift Oz had promised to bestow on him. The present tense of the verb is pass. You know its a regular verb because you simply add ed to form the past tense. Other examples of regular simple past tense verbs used in a sentence are: I  solved  the puzzle.He  dumped  the garbage. In the first sentence, you simply add a d to solve to get the past tense of the verb. The second example is just as easy: Simply add ed to dump to form the simple past tense. Singular Plural I dumped. We dumped. You dumped. You dumped. He/She/It dumped. They dumped. In the case of It dumped, presumably a monster—or  Cousin It—dumped something somewhere at some specific time in the past. To Be Verbs The to be verbs—such as is and am—are all irregular verbs. Indeed, to be verbs are the only verbs in English that change form in every tense. Fortunately, the past simple for to be verbs is fairly easy, as the following table shows: Singular Plural I was. We were. You were. You were. He/She/It was. They were. Note that the past singular requires was for the first and third person, while were is used with a second-person pronoun. All forms are the same—were—for the plural tenses. Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs can be a bit tricky in the past tense, but they dont have to be if you familiarize yourself with them.  Study.com, a website that provides video-based academic courses, offers this table listing some of the verbs that are irregular in the past tense. Present Past buy bought come came do did fly flew get got go went have had keep kept pay paid run ran see saw sleep slept take took tell told think thought There is no easy way to learn how to conjugate irregular verbs in the past tense: You simply have to memorize them. The following table illustrates how to conjugate sweep in the simple past tense. Singular Plural I swept. We swept. You swept. You swept. He/She/It swept. They swept. To form the simple past of this irregular verb, you remove the second e from sweep and add a t. Note that though the verb is irregular, it conjugates exactly the same way—swept—in the first, second, or third person as well as in the singular and plural forms. This is the case for all irregular verbs in the past simple tense. Once you know the spelling of the irregular verb in the simple past tense, you can relax because it is the same for the first, second, and third person as well as in the singular and plural forms. Questions, Negative Statements, and Negative Questions A few other instances of simple past tense verbs deserve some discussion. Often, you form questions in the simple past tense by starting the sentence with an irregular verb coupled with a present tense verb somewhere in the sentence. An example would be: Did  you  go  to the store yesterday? Note how you use did, the  past tense of the irregular verb do, to start the sentence together with the present tense of the verb go later in the question. Other examples would be: What did you do?Where did you go?You did what? The last sentence uses the past tense of the verb do without the assistance of another verb. To create  negative statements  in the simple past tense, you often insert the past tense of the word do together with the word not in front of a present tense verb, as in: The research study  did not conclude  that longer school days lead to greater student achievement.I  didnt wait  for Charlie to finish complaining about his cell phone.I  did not hear  my grandfather singing in the shower. To form negative questions, you often start the sentence with did not or didnt coupled with a present or past tense verb, such as: Didnt you look before crossing the street?Did you not  realize the school was closed?Why  didnt  you do your homework last night? Once you master the rules for creating the simple past tense, youll be ready to move on to  other forms of past tense verbs  in English.

African Americans Must Work to Achieve the American Dream...

To many people across the globe, the United States of America appears to be a place where one can be proud of. America the land where dreams come true and there is always a chance for any person to succeed. People who are not from the United States have been painted a beautiful picture of what life in our country is like. Not only do they think that there is a special place in America for them and the perfect career for each individual, but unfortunately this is not always true. The American dream is not necessarily to get rich quick, it is more along the lines of a hard worker having an opportunity to be financially stable and to live a pleasant life. The dream is that their sons and daughters will not have to suffer the same things that†¦show more content†¦Many people have been taught to be careful around a black man because of many reasons: Millions have been taught that a black man is liable to steal, attack, or murder a person based on their skin color. Of course this is not stated as directly as it once was, but nevertheless parents are still subconsciously preaching this to their children. These myths have been passed from one generation to the next and is negatively affecting blacks. As a consequence, millions accept and act out stereotypical images . There are three stereotypes offered today and taught to many: the angry black stereotype: Always pointing his finger at the rest of the world and had appeared so often that it was all that people knew. The noble Negro, who was always victimized by whites and could only be saved by the good will of other whites. And the urban outlaw stereotype, which is the violent or criminal outlaw that is most popular today. What is left out is the middle class, the people supporting a family, volunteering at school, attending church, and seeking the American dream . The black male has often been depicted as a thug, hoodlum, a gangster, and as a man with an itchy trigger finger. This is obviously why many young people have grown to be subtly racist their toward fellow Americans, while others have grown such hatred that they form radical organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan, Neo Nazis, and skinheads. Hate crimes are still evident and not as uncommon as many peopleShow MoreRelatedA Raisin In The Sun American Dream Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesfree† and home of the â€Å"American Dream.† According to James Truslow Adams in Epic of America, the American Dream is defined as â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.† It is based on the foundations of the Declaration of Independence: the rights to Liberty, Life, and the Pursuit of Happiness (Amadeo, What is the American Dream?). 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The American Dream can be Achieve but sometim es things get on your way and make it hard to achieve. To begin with in the storyRead MoreChasing the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry972 Words   |  4 Pages Chasing the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun A Raisin in the Sun is a play about an African-American family living on the South Side of Chicago in the 1950s. This family is going through many struggles, both within the family and financially. The family is awaiting an insurance check. The story focuses on the individual dreams of each family member and what they want to do with the money. The family struggles to mend their family issues along with deciding what they will do with the money.Read MoreHow Is Lutie Johnson s Murder Of Boots Smith And Bigger Thomas Essay1460 Words   |  6 PagesAndrà © Ajabor African American Literature 1940 – Present @02709326 As portrayed in both novels, how is Lutie Johnson’s murder of Boots Smith and Bigger Thomas’s murder of Mary Dalton a direct representation of oppression and it’s impact on the American Dream for the African American? Ann Petry’s novel The Street (1946) is a commentary on the social injustices that confronted the protagonist Lutie Johnson. Lutie is a single African American mother who lives in segregated America during the 1940’sRead MoreHow Is Lutie Johnson s Murder Of Boots Smith And Bigger Thomas Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesof oppression and it’s impact on the American Dream for the African American? 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Instead of being able to strive and att ain their dreams of wealth

Statistical Analysis in Single Case Research

Question: Discuss about the Statistical Analysis in Single Case Research. Answer: Introduction: The current assignment aims to provide a statistical evaluation of the student data related to MySCU. Therefore, this assignment provides answers to the questions of a student enrolled in session 1 of the unit. The student wants to seek advice for obtaining information about the course. In order to provide advice to the student, the sample data has been obtained from the university website. The website contains 10 samples, which denotes that the size of the population is 10. However, due to the limited timeframe, sample 9 has been chosen, in which the number of students is 65. The sample denotes the number of students enrolled in the final examination with attempts in the same. Therefore, the time in MySCU site hours has been analysed with the help of descriptive statistics. Results of preliminary investigations: Figure 1: Histogram showing the time in MySCU site (hours) (Source: As created by author) Time in MySCU Site Hours Mean 32.0537 Standard Error 3.0477 Median 23.95 Standard Deviation 24.5714 Sample Variance 603.752 Kurtosis 1.82227 Skewness 1.35594 Range 117.91 Minimum 0.8 Maximum 118.71 Sum 2083.49 Count 65 Quartile 1 14.82 Quartile 3 42.37 Table 1: Descriptive statistics depicting the time in MySCU site (hours) (Source: As created by author) According to the above table, it has been found that mean of the sample data is obtained as 32.0537. In the words of Busk and Marascuilo (2015), mean represents the average value of a set of data or the mathematical depiction of the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the number of observations. In this case, it has been found that the average hours devoted in MySCU is 32.0537 hours. The median value is obtained as 23.95, which signifies that the amount of time spent in the course is 23.95 hours. The standard deviation is obtained as 24.5714 and it is much lower than the mean value. The lower the standard deviation, the closer is the value of data set to mean value (Diggle 2013). Thus, the standard deviation value obtained depicts that 32.0537 hours are required to be spent in the university site. The range depicts the difference between maximum and minimum value in a data set (Dimaggio 2013). In this case, the value is obtained as 117.91, which depicts that the data is highly spread out and thus, it could not be considered as an effective estimate of the data. In addition, the histogram presented above is positively skewed, which is the main reason behind the higher value of mean in contrast to the median value (Little and Rubin 2014). Conclusion: From the above discussion, it has been found that the average time needed to be spent in MySCU unit is obtained as 32.0537, as obtained after selecting sample 9 of the provided population. In addition, this has been further validated with the help of other descriptive statistics. Finally, it has been found that the positive skewness of the distribution has resulted in higher mean value compared to median. References: Busk, P.L. and Marascuilo, L.A., 2015. Statistical Analysis in Single-Case Research.Single-Case Research Design and Analysis (Psychology Revivals): New Directions for Psychology and Education, p.159. Diggle, P.J., 2013.Statistical analysis of spatial and spatio-temporal point patterns. CRC Press. Dimaggio, C., 2013. Introduction. InSAS for Epidemiologists(pp. 1-5). Springer New York. Little, R.J. and Rubin, D.B., 2014.Statistical analysis with missing data. John Wiley Sons.

Relationship between Population and Economic Growth

Introduction Economic growth is dependent on a wide array of factors that range from technology to capital. Of particular interest is the rate of population growth vis-à  -vis economic growth and development. Various economic models have attempted to establish the relationship between different demographic dynamics and economic growth (Barro 1991, p. 87).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between Population and Economic Growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While some economists postulate that economic development slows down in periods of high population growth rates, others argue that high population growth boosts economic growth. This paper discusses such factors as age structure, level of economic development, population density and rates of poverty in addition to their impacts on economy. Besides, the paper utilizes various theoretical frameworks that establish the correlation of population dyna mics and economic growth. Relationship between Population and Economic Growth The relationship between population and economic growth has many perspectives. Various economists have developed models to explain the correlation between population and economic growth (Gonzalo 1994, p. 67). Malthus was among classical economists who attempted to explain the relationship. He claimed that increase in population could surpass the level of production in an economy leading to poverty (Jones 2002, p. 45). The rationale is that population grows in geometrical way while productivity improves in an arithmetic rate. This does not only lead to poverty but also inefficiencies and diminished productivity. To that end, it is important to highlight that the relationship between population and economic growth has elicited heated debate (Weil 2009, p. 71). Some schools of thoughts believe that there is a positive correlation between population and economic growth. Opponents argue that population growth c omplements the economy in the sense that there is a high number of skilled and talented laborers in an economy (Jayati 2013, p. 81). This in turn leads to increased productivity and production of goods and services across entire economic spectrum. Other theorists have attempted to distinguish economic growth and population dynamics. Neo-classical theorists such as Solow differentiate various aspects of societies in order to establish accurate correlations and relationships (Thirlwall 1994, p. 132). In particular, Solow claims that high population growth in a steady state is likely to reduce disposable income and income per capital. Nonetheless, population growth does not affect the rate of economic growth in steady states (Jayati 2013, p. 76). Consequently, Solow argues that the rate of population growth will be equal to the rate of economic growth in steady states. While neo-classical theorists classify states and nations in order to understand interplay between demographic dynamic s and economy, other models use age structure of a nation to predict the effects of population growth/decrease in an economy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Jones (2002, p. 67), industrialized nations have distinct age structures when compared to developing economies and nations. While majority of the population has reached adulthood in industrialized countries, children and young people constitute highest majority of developing countries’ population. On the one hand, age structure in industrialized nations is major cause for skewed relationship between population growth and economy (Aliber 2001, p. 36). For instance, United Nations Report on global population growth indicates that aging will be a major driver of economic slowdown in many industrialized nations in the world by 2050 (Eastwood Lipton 2001, p. 33). The reason is that high number of working population will age out leading to a deceleration in productivity. It is important to point out that young population will not be in a position to meet the needs of the aging population. This will not only lead to high rate of dependency but also high cost of caring for the aged populace (Weil 2009, p. 87). The government will also increase its funding towards social welfare programs to take care of its aging population. In a country where government is attempting to cut down its expenditure, aging population will lead to slower economic growth because of high rate of dependency. To that end, population growth in such countries as Britain and United States is likely to accelerate economic growth and prosperity. On the other hand, age structures in developing countries impede economic progress in third world. The rationale is that population growth will exert pressure on already scarce economic resources. As elucidated by Kohler Kohler (2002, p. 56), high rates of population growth as witnessed in many African countries will lead to unsustainable economic development and growth. This is because many African economies are dependent on cultivation and agriculture (Jones 2002, p. 62). An increase in population will imply that expansive agricultural activities and extraction of resources will increase at the expense of environment. It may also lead to deforestation and increased degradation of natural resources.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between Population and Economic Growth specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To that end, environmental degradation leads to agricultural stagnation that in turn affects the economy in a negative way (McCulloch Baulch 2000, p. 102). Malthus asserts that social expenditure by government on young age structure at the expense of capital investment will also stall the economy (Weil 2009, p. 102). While many economists argue that high population gro wth rates in developing countries have a counterproductive effect on the economy, it is apparent that increase in population is important for developing countries. According to Murthi Drà ¨ze (2001, p. 45), a rise in population growth in developing countries implies that the economy will benefit from diverse workforce and vibrant labor market. In countries that have adopted labor-intensive model of production, population growth boosts productivity. In such countries as China and India, the high rate of population growth has complemented economic growth rate (Drà ¨ze Sen 1995, p. 38). In addition, it is essential to mention that a high rate of population growth offsets the risk of increased dependency emanating from the aging population (Kremer Chen 2002, p. 34-89). As such, population growth plays a significant in enhancing steady development and economic growth in third world. Kremer Chen (2002, p. 56) articulate that population growth has a direct relationship with poverty r ates in a country. Undoubtedly, level of poverty is a major indicator of economic growth and development in a country. Bourguignon (2001, p. 112) says that countries with high population growth rates have high rates of fertility. However, fertility rates are dependent on incomes, literacy and inequalities that typify an economy. For instance, countries that experience high rates of income inequalities exhibit fertility discrepancies between poor uneducated people and rich and literate people (O’Sullivan 2003, p. 57). The rationale is that affluent members of society tend to bear few children, which increases their likelihood of becoming literate and wealthy. Conversely, poor and probably uneducated members of the society have high fertility rates implying that they have many children who join vicious cycle of poverty (Lee 2003, p. 75). To this end, high population growth rate in countries that have alarming levels of income inequalities tends to increase levels of poverty in the population. Governments therefore increase their social expenditure on poverty eradication and health at the expense of capital investments. This implies that population growth in income unequal countries is not only detrimental for the economy but it also threatens social stability.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Population density is another parameter that theorists use to establish correlation between population growth and economic growth. It refers to the number of people living within one square kilometer. Malthus asserts that countries with low population density experience many challenges (Kelley Schmidt 1995, p. 67). At the outset, innovation and technology tend to spread slowly owing low contact between social institutions, individuals and economic institutions (Meier 1995, p. 34). Due to little contact that is apparent in sparsely populated societies, negative ethnicity increases and persists for a long period. Besides, governments of such societies face constraints in provision of public goods such as infrastructure and electricity due to minimal and expensive interaction with the rest of the world (Solow 1956, p. 67). On the other hand, high population density allows fast and efficient flow of innovation, creativity and technology leading to increase in uptake of modern ways of p roduction (Kelley Schmidt 2005, p. 56). This does not only boost economic growth but also enhances capital investments. It is important to highlight that high population density may also lead to environmental degradation and other effects of overutilization of resources. Conclusion In summary, population growth has a direct relationship with economic growth. Various economists classify different nations according to levels of economic development (developed or developing), population density, age -structure and income inequalities in order to establish the apparent correlation. Population growth leads to economic growth in industrialized nations that have high population density. However, economic growth stalls in poor and unequal countries due to high rates of poverty and sparse population. References Aliber, M 2001, ‘An Overview of the Incidence and Nature of Chronic Poverty in South Africa’, Chronic Poverty Research Centre, vol. 4 no. 3, pp. 2-56. Barro, R 1991, â⠂¬ËœEconomic Growth in a Cross Section of Countries’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 67 no. 3, pp. 73-123. Bourguignon, F 2001, The Distributional Effects of Growth: Micro vs. Macro Approaches, Delta Pres: Paris. Drà ¨ze, J Sen, A 1995, India: Economic Development and Social Opportunity, Clarendon Press: New York. Eastwood, R Lipton, M 2001, ‘Pro-poor Growth and Pro-growth Poverty Reduction: Meaning, Evidence, and Policy Implications’, Asian Development Review, vol. 6 no. 4, pp. 19: 1-37. Gonzalo, J 1994, ‘Five Alternative Methods of Estimating Long-Run Equilibrium Relationships’, Journal of Econometrics, vol. 60 no 1, pp. 19-94. Jayati, G 2013, Too Much of the Same: Development and Cooperation, McGraw Hill Publishers: New York. Jones, C 2002, Introduction to Economic Growth, McGraw Hill: New York. Kelley, C Schmidt, M 1995, Aggregate Population and Economic Growth Correlations: The Role of the Components of Demographic Change’, Demo graphy, vol. 32 no. 4, pp. 35-78. Kelley, C Schmidt, M 2005, ‘Evolution of Recent Economic-Demographic Modeling: A Synthesis’, Journal of Population Economics, vol. 18 no. 2, pp, 20- 34. Kohler, P Kohler, I 2002, ‘Fertility Decline in Russia in the Early and Mid-1990s: The Role of Economic Uncertainty and Labor Market Crises’, European Journal of Population, vol. 18 no. 6, pp. 56-189. Kremer, M Chen, D 2002, ‘Income Distribution Dynamics with Endogenous Fertility’, Journal of Economic Growth, vol. 7 no. 3, pp. 227-258. Lee, D 2003, ‘The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries of Fundamental Change’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 17 no. 4, pp. 45-92. McCulloch, N Baulch, B 2000, ‘Simulating the Impact of Policy on Chronic and Transitory Poverty in Rural Pakistan’, Journal of Development Studies, vol. 36 no. 6, pp. 100-130. Meier, G 1995, Leading Issues in Economic Development, Oxford University Press: New Y ork. Murthi, M Drà ¨ze, J 2001, ‘Fertility, Education, and Development: Evidence from India’, Population and Development Review, vol. 27 no. 3, pp. 33-63. O’Sullivan, A 2003, Economics: Principles in Action, Pearson Prentice Hall: New Jersey. Solow, M 1956, ‘A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth’, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 70 no. 2, pp. 45-134. Thirlwall, P 1994, Growth and Development, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press: Basingstoke. Weil, D 2009, Economic Growth, Pearson-Addison Wesley: New Jersey. This essay on Relationship between Population and Economic Growth was written and submitted by user Man-Thing to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.